![]() For instance, Jane Jacobs, who drew attention to cities as having an energy that cannot be planned by design (1961) but is instead generated by enterprising people engaged in ‘new work’, innovation and economic diversification that generate city economic expansion (1970). ![]() This understanding of cities derives from and extends thinking by celebrated urban social theorists and geographers. They are defined not only by their people and their buildings but by their external relations - flows of people, knowledge and finance - and their demands on the planetary sphere in terms of resources and pollution. Taylor (Director of the Globalization and World (GaWC) Cities Research Network), describes vibrant cities as: innately complex, creative nodes of societies agglomerations of activities and characterised by their connectivity in networks of cities, their relations with states, and their demands in terms of anthropogenic climate change.Ībove all then, successful cities are not isolated entities. In his book, “Advanced Introduction to Cities”, (2021), Peter J. A precondition for deciding what we want our cities to be and how to get there, must be an understanding of what cities are under conditions of contemporary globalization in Britain.
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